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ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES
GROUND WATER REPLENISHMENT
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The
main source of groundwater is precipitation. The rate of replenishment
of the groundwater varies with the pattern of precipitation, surface
runoff along with the intrinsic permeability of the soil and other
materials through which the water must percolate to reach the zone of
saturation.
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Now a
days due to overexploitation of ground water for irrigation purposes,
the water table is falling by about 20-25 cm per year in regions of
Punjab, Haryana and Gujrat. Therefore, there is urgent need for ground
water recharging.
Method of Artificial Recharge
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Ground
water recharge may be increased by soil conservation measures and artificial
recharge procedures.
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The
amount of water infiltrated into the soil varies with the condition of soil
surface and the moisture content of the soil at the time of rainfall.
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The total
amount of water infiltered depends on the infiltration opportunity time,
which depends mainly on the slope of the land and the field structures like
contour bunds, terraces and other structures, which tend to hold the runoff
water over long periods on the land surface.
Water
Spreading
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This
method is similar to that of surface irrigation, with the difference that in
recharge operation the water is allowed to stand on the field for a much
longer period.
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Depending
upon the topographical conditions of the soil, this method may be further
classified into:
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Basin method, and
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Furrow or ditch method
Ground Water Recharge through Wells and Pits
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Depending
upon the depth of the impermeable layer, ground water recharge can be done
by large pits or wells, former being used where the impermeable layer is
encountered at large depths.
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In this
method water is allowed to infiltrate into the soil from large pits filled
with water. Sometimes water is recharged into the soil directly through the
tube-wells. The excess surface water is directly feed into ground through
wells/tube-wells.
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Mostly
this method of recharge used where sufficient land is not available for
water spreading.
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The
volume of water recharged by the well or pit method is, however, low and the
method is not practiced where surface methods are feasible.
Eco-Friendly Water
Technologies
Page Revised on Oct.2009
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